In general, chemical management for most weeds is best done prior to emergence, or very early in weed development. Cultural practices, such as mowing, are best done just after flowering, but before seed set, of weeds. This allows the weeds to serve as a pollen source for beneficial insects, but does not allow production of seeds for propagation.
Sucker management of grapevines can be done culturally (mechanical or hand removal), or chemically. With chemical sucker removal, care must be taken to avoid drift up into the canopy, which might damage the crop.
| Target | Material | Rate of application | Max/Season | REI | PHI | MOA | Eff. | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Broadleaf Weeds | dichlobenil (Casoron CS) | 1.4-2.8 gal | — | 12 | — | 20 | — | Casoron CS is a broad spectrum pre-emergent and early post-emergent herbicide. Activity is best when temperatures are below 70*F, and when soil is moist. Ingredient is activated after rainfall or irrigation. Casoron SC should only be used in vineyards after they have been established for at least 12 months. Do not use in nurseries. |
| dichlobenil (Casoron 4G) | 100.0-150.0 lb | 150lb | 24 | — | 20 | — | Do not use in new vineyards within the first 4 weeks of planting. Apply before weed emergence. Application must be followed by 0.5-1.0 inches of rain or overhead irrigation. Livestock should not graze on treated sites. | |
| dichlobenil (Casoron 4G) | 1.4-2.8 gal | 150lb | 24 | — | 20 | — | "Casoron 4G application" – Casoron 4G for vineyards which have been transplanted more than 4 weeks. | |
| diuron (Diuron 4L (and others)) | 0.8-2.4 qt | 8qt | 12 | — | 7 | — | Eastern Washington – 0.8–2.4 quarts; Western Washington – 1.6–2.4 quarts For vineyards established at least 3 years. | |
| flazasulfuron (Mission) | 2.14-2.85 oz | 5.7oz | 12 | 75 | 2 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years; nonporous wraps, grow tubes, waxed containers, or other protective sleeves are required for vines in their 3rd season of growth. Apply to broadleaf weeds less than 4 inches tall. Adjuvant use recommended. | |
| flumioxazin (Chateau SW) | 6.0-12.0 oz | 12oz | 12 | 60 | 14 | — | For vineyards established at least 2 years. | |
| indaziflam (Alion) | 3.5-5.0 fl oz | 5.0 fl oz | 12 | 14 | 29 | — | Use only on vines established at least three years that are exhibiting normal growth and good vigor. Soil surface at and within 48 hrs of application should be dry; moisture should follow that 48 hr period for product activation. Do not use in vineyards with furrow irrigation. Soil organic matter content affects application – check the label. Do not use on vineyards with high sand content in the soil. | |
| isoxaben (Trellis SC) | 16-31 fl oz | — | 12 | 165 | 21 | — | Do not allow spray contact with new leaves. Trellis may be used on bearing vineyards, but not within 165 days of harvest. | |
| isoxaben (Gallery 75 DF (and others)) | 0.66-1.33 lb | 4lb | 12 | — | 21 | — | Gallery is labeled for non-bearing use only. Soil must be completely settled prior to use. Do not plant a vineyard within 8 months of treatment of bare ground. | |
| napropamide (Devrinol DF-XT) | 8 lb | 8lb | 24 | 70 | 15 | — | For newly planted and established vineyards. Do not allow contact with grape foliage. Soil surface debris can limit efficacy. Must be applied with sufficient water to push product 2-4 inches into the soil. | |
| napropamide (Devrinol 2-XT (and others)) | 2 gal | 2.0gal | 24 | 70 | 15 | — | For newly planted and established vineyards. Do not allow contact with grape foliage. Soil surface debris can limit efficacy. Must be applied with sufficient water to push product 4-8 inches into the soil. | |
| norflurazon (Solicam DF) | 1.25-5.0 lb | 5lb | 12 | 60 | 12 | — | Norflurazon should not be applied to vines established less than 2 years. Soil should be debris-free at the time of application. Product must be incorporated into the soil by rain (or overhead irrigation) within 4 weeks of application. Do not use in nurseries. Application rate of product will depend on soil texture – consult label for more details. | |
| oryzalin (Surflan Flex) | 2.0-4.0 qt | 15qt | 24 | — | 3 | — | Surflan will not control emerged weeds. Area to be treated must be weed-free. Can be used in newly planted (if the soil has settled around vines) and established vineyards, but established vineyards need to be non-bearing. Do not graze livestock in treated areas. | |
| oxyfluorfen (GoalTender) | 1-4 pt | 4pt | 24 | — | 14 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. Check label for pre-emergence vs. post-emergence rates. | |
| pendimethalin (Prowl 3.3EC) | 2.4-4.8 qt | 7.3qt | 24 | — | 3 | — | "Prowl 3.3 EC application" Prowl 3.3 EC is labeled only for nonbearing vineyards; Prowl H2O may be used in nonbearing or bearing vineyards. Do not apply to newly transplanted vines until the soil has settled and no cracks are present. | |
| pronamide (Kerb SC (and others)) | 2.5-9.5 pt | 9.5pt | 24 | — | 3 | — | Do not use on vines less than 1 year old, on fall-transplanted stock that has been transplanted less than 1 year, or to spring-transplanted stock that has been transplanted less than 6 months. Do not allow livestock to graze in treated areas. Rates are dependent on soil texture – check the label. Soil surface must be clean of debris prior to application. Fall applications, post-harvest but prior to soil freezing, is recommended. | |
| rimsulfuron (Matrix SG) | 4.0 oz | 4.0 oz | 4 | 14 | 2 | — | Crops must be established for 1 year before application (vines should be healthy and growing vigorously). | |
| simazine (Princep Caliber 90 ) | 2.2-4.4 lb | 4.4lb | 12 | — | 5 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. Princep Caliber 90 (EPA Reg No 100-603) requires a respirator for Mixers and Loaders. | |
| simazine (Princep 4L) | 2.0-4.0 qt | 4qt | 12 | — | 5 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. Princep 4L (EPA Reg No 100-526) does NOT require a respirator for any reason. | |
| sulfentrazone + carfentrazone-ethyl (Zeus Prime XC) | 7.7-15.2 fl oz | 15.2oz | 12 | 3 | 14 | — | Zeus Prime XC is available for grapes established at least 2 years. See label for rate differences for pre-emergent vs. post-emergent weed control. | |
| sulfentrazone (Zeus XC) | 8.0-12.0 fl oz | 12fl oz | 12 | 3 | 14 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. See label for rate differences for pre-emergent vs. post-emergent weed control. Adequate rainfall post-application needed for best pre-emergent activity. | |
| trifluralin (Treflan HFP ) | 1.0-4.0 pt | — | 12 | 60 | 3 | — | For newly planted and established vineyards, both bearing and non-bearing. For newly planted vineyards, follow rate on label based on soil type. | |
| Annual Grasses | diuron (Diuron 4L (and others)) | 0.8-2.4 qt | 8qt | 12 | — | 7 | — | Eastern Washington – 0.8–2.4 quarts; Western Washington – 1.6–2.4 quarts For vineyards established at least 3 years. |
| flazasulfuron (Mission) | 2.14-2.85 oz | 5.7oz | 12 | 75 | 2 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years; nonporous wraps, grow tubes, waxed containers, or other protective sleeves are required for vines in their 3rd season of growth. Apply to grasses less than 4 inches tall and before tillering. Adjuvant use recommended. | |
| indaziflam (Alion) | 3.5-5.0 fl oz | 5.0 fl oz | 12 | 14 | 29 | — | Use only on vines established at least three years that are exhibiting normal growth and good vigor. Soil surface at and within 48 hrs of application should be dry; moisture should follow that 48 hr period for product activation. Do not use in vineyards with furrow irrigation. Soil organic matter content affects application – check the label. Do not use on vineyards with high sand content in the soil. | |
| napropamide (Devrinol DF-XT) | 8.0 lb | 8lb | 24 | 70 | 15 | — | "Devrinol DF-XT application". For newly planted and established vineyards. | |
| napropamide (Devrinol 2-XT (and others)) | 2.0 gal | 2.0gal | 24 | 70 | 15 | — | "Devrinol 2-XT application". For newly planted and established vineyards. | |
| norflurazon (Solicam DF) | 1.25-5.0 lb | 5lb | 12 | 60 | 12 | — | Norflurazon should not be applied to vines established less than 2 years. Soil should be debris-free at the time of application. Product must be incorporated into the soil by rain (or overhead irrigation) within 4 weeks of application. Do not use in nurseries. Application rate of product will depend on soil texture – consult label for more details. | |
| oryzalin (Surflan Flex) | 2.0-4.0 qt | 15qt | 24 | — | 3 | — | Surflan will not control emerged weeds. Area to be treated must be weed-free. Can be used in newly planted (if the soil has settled around vines) and established vineyards, but established vineyards need to be non-bearing. Do not graze livestock in treated areas. | |
| oxyfluorfen (GoalTender) | 1.0-4.0 pt | 4pt | 24 | — | 14 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. See label for specific pre-emergent and post-emergent application rates. Post-emergent applications for weeds smaller than 3-leaf stage. | |
| oxyfluorfen (GoalTender) | 1.0-4.0 pt | 4pt | 24 | — | 14 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. Check label for pre-emergence vs. post-emergence rates. | |
| pendimethalin (Prowl 3.3EC) | 2.4-4.8 qt | 7.3qt | 24 | — | 3 | — | "Prowl 3.3 EC application" – Prowl 3.3 EC is labeled only for nonbearing vineyards; Prowl H2O may be used in nonbearing or bearing vineyards. Do not apply to newly transplanted vines until the soil has settled and no cracks are present. | |
| pendimethalin (Prowl H20 (and others)) | 2.1-6.3 qt | 6.3qt | 24 | 21 | 3 | — | "Prowl H2O application"- Prowl H2O may be used in nonbearing or bearing vineyards. Do not apply to newly transplanted vines until the soil has settled and no cracks are present. | |
| pronamide (Kerb SC (and others)) | 2.5-9.5 pt | 9.5pt | 24 | — | 3 | — | Do not use on vines less than 1 year old, on fall-transplanted stock that has been transplanted less than 1 year, or to spring-transplanted stock that has been transplanted less than 6 months. Do not allow livestock to graze in treated areas. Rates are dependent on soil texture – check the label. Soil surface must be clean of debris prior to application. Fall applications, post-harvest but prior to soil freezing, is recommended. | |
| rimsulfuron (Matrix SG) | 4.0 oz | 4.0 oz | 4 | 14 | 2 | — | Crops must be established for 1 year before application (vines should be healthy and growing vigorously). | |
| simazine (Princep Caliber 90 ) | 2.2-4.4 lb | 4.4lb | 12 | — | 5 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. Princep Caliber 90 (EPA Reg No 100-603) requires a respirator for Mixers and Loaders. | |
| simazine (Princep 4L) | 2.0-4.0 qt | 4qt | 12 | — | 5 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. Princep 4L (EPA Reg No 100-526) does NOT require a respirator for any reason. | |
| trifluralin (Treflan HFP ) | 1.0-4.0 pt | — | 12 | 60 | 3 | — | For newly planted and established vineyards, both bearing and non-bearing. For newly planted vineyards, follow rate on label based on soil type. | |
| Biennial and Perennial Broadleaf Weeds | dichlobenil (Casoron CS) | 1.4-2.8 gal | — | 12 | — | 20 | — | "Casoron SC application" – Casoron SC after vines have been transplanted for at least 12 months. |
| dichlobenil (Casoron 4G) | 100.0-150.0 lb | 150lb | 24 | — | 20 | — | "Casoron 4G application" – Casoron 4G for vineyards which have been transplanted more than 4 weeks. | |
| dichlobenil (Casoron 4G) | 1.4-2.8 gal | 150lb | 24 | — | 20 | — | "Casoron 4G application" – Casoron 4G for vineyards which have been transplanted more than 4 weeks. | |
| pronamide (Kerb SC (and others)) | 2.5-9.5 pt | 9.5pt | 24 | — | 3 | — | Do not use on vines less than 1 year old, on fall-transplanted stock that has been transplanted less than 1 year, or to spring-transplanted stock that has been transplanted less than 6 months. Do not allow livestock to graze in treated areas. Rates are dependent on soil texture – check the label. Soil surface must be clean of debris prior to application. Fall applications, post-harvest but prior to soil freezing, is recommended. | |
| rimsulfuron (Matrix SG) | 4.0 oz | 4.0 oz | 4 | 14 | 2 | — | Crops must be established for 1 year before application (vines should be healthy and growing vigorously). |
| Target | Material | Rate of application | Max/Season | REI | PHI | MOA | Eff. | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Broadleaf Weeds | carfentrazone-ethyl (Aim EC) | 2 fl oz | 7.9fl oz | 12 | 3 | 14 | — | Do not use in newly-transplanted vineyards. Can be used for chemical suckering of vines. |
| diuron (Diuron 4L (and others)) | 0.8-2.4 qt | 8qt | 12 | — | 7 | — | Eastern Washington – 0.8–2.4 quarts; Western Washington – 1.6–2.4 quarts For vineyards established at least 3 years. | |
| flazasulfuron (Mission) | 2.14-2.85 oz | 5.7oz | 12 | 75 | 2 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years; nonporous wraps, grow tubes, waxed containers, or other protective sleeves are required for vines in their 3rd season of growth. Apply to broadleaf weeds less than 4 inches tall. Adjuvant use recommended. | |
| flumioxazin (Chateau SW) | 6.0-12.0 oz | 12oz | 12 | 60 | 14 | — | For vineyards established at least 2 years. | |
| glufosinate (Rely 280 (and others)) | See product-specific label See Label | 164fl oz | 12 | 14 | 10 | — | Do not apply to vines established less than 1 year unless protected by non-porous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed containers. | |
| glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax 3 Herbicide) | See product-specific label See Label | — | 12 | 14 | 9 | — | Use as a directed spray in established vineyards or for site preparation before transplanting new vines. | |
| glyphosate (Buccaneer Plus) | See product-specific label See Label | 10.6qt | 12 | 14 | 9 | — | Use as a directed spray in established vineyards or for site preparation before transplanting new vines. | |
| oxyfluorfen (GoalTender) | 1-4 pt | 4pt | 24 | — | 14 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. Check label for pre-emergence vs. post-emergence rates. | |
| paraquat dichloride (Gramoxone SL 3.0) | 1.7-2.7 pt | 13.3pt | 48 | — | 22 | — | Use a shield or wrap plant when spraying around young trees or vines. | |
| pyraflufen-ethyl (Venue) | 3.0-4.0 fl oz | 12.0fl oz | 12 | — | 14 | — | Do not apply to vines established less than 1 year unless protected by non-porous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed containers. Can be used for sucker management on established vines. Suckers must be treated when young. | |
| rimsulfuron (Matrix SG) | 4.0 oz | 4.0 oz | 4 | 14 | 2 | — | Crops must be established for 1 year before application (vines should be healthy and growing vigorously). | |
| sulfentrazone + carfentrazone-ethyl (Zeus Prime XC) | 7.7-15.2 fl oz | 15.2oz | 12 | 3 | 14 | — | Zeus Prime XC is available for grapes established at least 2 years. See label for rate differences for pre-emergent vs. post-emergent weed control. | |
| sulfentrazone (Zeus XC) | 8.0-12.0 fl oz | 12fl oz | 12 | 3 | 14 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. See label for rate differences for pre-emergent vs. post-emergent weed control. Adequate rainfall post-application needed for best pre-emergent activity. | |
| tiafenacil (Gamma) | 0.5-1.5 oz | 4.5oz | 12 | — | 14 | — | Do not apply to vines established less than 2 years unless protected by nonporous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed containers. | |
| Annual Grasses | clethodim (Select Max ) | 9.0-16.0 fl oz | 64fl oz | 24 | — | 1 | — | Labeled for use in non-bearing vineyards only. |
| diuron (Diuron 4L (and others)) | 0.8-2.4 qt | 8qt | 12 | — | 7 | — | Eastern Washington – 0.8–2.4 quarts; Western Washington – 1.6–2.4 quarts For vineyards established at least 3 years. | |
| flazasulfuron (Mission) | 2.14-2.85 oz | 5.7oz | 12 | 75 | 2 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years; nonporous wraps, grow tubes, waxed containers, or other protective sleeves are required for vines in their 3rd season of growth. Apply to grasses less than 4 inches tall and before tillering. Adjuvant use recommended. | |
| fluazifop-p-butyl (Fusilade DX) | 6.0-24.0 fl oz | 72oz | 12 | 50 | 1 | — | Labeled for use in bearing and non-bearing vineyards. | |
| glufosinate (Rely 280 (and others)) | See product-specific label See Label | 164fl oz | 12 | 14 | 10 | — | Do not apply to vines established less than 1 year unless protected by non-porous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed containers. | |
| glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax 3 Herbicide) | See product-specific label See Label | — | 12 | 14 | 9 | — | Use as a directed spray in established vineyards or for site preparation before transplanting new vines. | |
| glyphosate (Buccaneer Plus) | See product-specific label See Label | 10.6qt | 12 | 14 | 9 | — | Use as a directed spray in established vineyards or for site preparation before transplanting new vines. | |
| oxyfluorfen (GoalTender) | 1.0-4.0 pt | 4pt | 24 | — | 14 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. Check label for pre-emergence vs. post-emergence rates. | |
| oxyfluorfen (GoalTender) | 1.0-4.0 pt | 4pt | 24 | — | 14 | — | For vineyards established at least 3 years. See label for specific pre-emergent and post-emergent application rates. Post-emergent applications for weeds smaller than 3-leaf stage. | |
| paraquat dichloride (Gramoxone SL 3.0) | 1.7-2.7 pt | 13.3pt | 48 | — | 22 | — | Use a shield or wrap plant when spraying around young trees or vines. | |
| rimsulfuron (Matrix SG) | 4.0 oz | 4.0 oz | 4 | 14 | 2 | — | Crops must be established for 1 year before application (vines should be healthy and growing vigorously). | |
| SETHOXYDIM (Poast) | 2.5 pt | 5.0pt | 12 | 50 | 1 | — | Labeled for use in bearing and non-bearing vineyards. Do not cultivate within 5 days before or 7 days after application. | |
| tiafenacil (Gamma) | 0.5-1.5 oz | 4.5oz | 12 | — | 14 | — | Do not apply to vines established less than 2 years unless protected by nonporous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed containers. | |
| Biennial and Perennial Broadleaf Weeds | glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax 3 Herbicide) | See product-specific label See Label | — | 12 | 14 | 9 | — | Use as a directed spray in established vineyards or for site preparation before transplanting new vines. |
| glyphosate (Buccaneer Plus) | See product-specific label See Label | 10.6qt | 12 | 14 | 9 | — | Use as a directed spray in established vineyards or for site preparation before transplanting new vines. | |
| rimsulfuron (Matrix SG) | 4.0 oz | 4.0 oz | 4 | 14 | 2 | — | Crops must be established for 1 year before application (vines should be healthy and growing vigorously). | |
| tiafenacil (Gamma) | 0.5-1.5 oz | 4.5oz | 12 | — | 14 | — | Do not apply to vines established less than 2 years unless protected by nonporous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed containers. |
| Target | Material | Rate of application | Max/Season | REI | PHI | MOA | Eff. | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sucker Management | carfentrazone-ethyl (Aim EC) | 2 fl oz | 7.9fl oz | 12 | 3 | 14 | — | Do not use in newly-transplanted vineyards. Can be used for chemical suckering of vines. |
| glufosinate (Rely 280 (and others)) | See product-specific label See Label | 164fl oz | 12 | 14 | 10 | — | Suckers must be young, green and uncallused and less than 12 inches long. Split applications 4 weeks apart are typically necessary. See product-specific labels for sucker control details. | |
| paraquat dichloride (Gramoxone SL 3.0) | 1.7-2.7 pt | 13.3pt | 48 | — | 22 | — | Can be used for sucker management. Suckers must be less than 8 inches long. | |
| pyraflufen-ethyl (Venue) | 3.0-4.0 fl oz | 12.0fl oz | 12 | — | 14 | — | Do not apply to vines established less than 1 year unless protected by non-porous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed containers. Can be used for sucker management on established vines. Suckers must be treated when young. | |
| tiafenacil (Gamma) | 0.5-1.5 oz | 4.5oz | 12 | — | 14 | — | Provides sucker control when suckers are less than 6 inches long. Must add adjuvant for optimum results. Apply only to vines older than 2 years. |